大众英语品级测验三级(PETS3)学习条记第24部分
Unit 24 Political, Legal and Social Issues
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 Don’t go straight into politics, because no one will be particularly interested.
不要直面政治界，因为没人会分外感快乐喜爱。
2、 There were big, difficult decisions to be taken during the Gulf War.
have sth to be done意思是有某事将要往做.
在海湾战役中，曾有良多重年夜、艰巨的事件有待定夺。
3、 We were sometimes at odds with the Americans, and even the Germans.
我们偶尔候和美国人合不来，偶尔候乃至和德国人也不敦睦。
4、 But the new bill requires that any American wishing to sponsor immigrations must have an income 125 percent above the poverty level. Previously, a sponsor needed only an income at poverty level.
可是新的法案要求，每个愿作移夷易近包管的美国人必需拥有高于贫苦线125百分的收进。已往，包管人只需不在贫苦线之下就可以了。
5、 Wasn’t it after the women’s conference in Nairobi ten years ago that the world focused for the first time on the crisis of domestic violence?
岂非不是十年前在内罗毕召开的妇女年夜会让全世界首次聚焦家庭暴力吗?
6、 What we are learning around the world is that if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society, their families will flourish.
我们在全世界看到的都是，如果妇女康健又受过教诲，她们的家庭就旺盛;如果妇女免于暴力之苦，她们的家庭就安康;如果妇女有义务机遇并能同工同酬，她们的家庭就富裕。
7、 That is why every woman, every man, every child, every family, and every nation on our planet in society, has a stake in the discussion that takes place here.
这便是为什么我们这个星球上的每个女子、女子、儿童、家庭、国家，都介入了此时现在的决议。(这里的stake是“股份”而不是“赌注”的意思，所以我如许翻译)
8、 I took it after consultation with members of the then new South African government, including President Nelson Mandela.
我在咨询了新一届南非政府成员，包括纳尔逊*曼德拉总统的意见之后，如许决议。
Passage:
Compared to elections to other countries, a British election is a rapid and straightforward affair. Traditionally about 75 percent of the country’s 44 million registered voters take part. They each place a cross next to the name of the candidate they want to vote for on a ballot IT. In a general election, voters choose the man or woman they wish to represent them in the House of Commons.Unlike other countries, Britain uses the“first-past-the-post” method for choosing its government. Under this system, the candidate who wins the highest number of votes in each constituency becomes the Member of Parliament (MP) for the seat, even if he or she has less than half of the total vote. Currently, there are 651 geographical constituencies in Britain.Most candidates are members of Britain’s 3 main political parties. They are the conservatives, Labour, and the smaller Liberal Democrats.Any citizen of Britain can try and get elected as an MP. Only bankrupts, prisoners, members of the clergy, peers and certain senior public officials are not allowed to stand. But in order to limit the number of people who do take apart, each candidates is required to deposit£ before the election. They“lose their deposit” if they fail to win 5 percent of the poll.The“first-past-the-post” principle is also used to decide which party will from the new government. As a rule, the party which wins the most seats is invited by the Queen to form the government. The leader of that party then becomes the new prime minister.The exact date of the election is chosen by the prime minister and is normally announced about a month in advance. This makes the election campaign quite short in comparison to countries like the U.S.A., where the campaign to elect the president lasts for up to nine months.It’s estimated that up to a fifth of voters in Britain only decide who they will vote for in the last 4 weeks before an election. As a result, parties spend huge sums of money on advertising in the last few weeks. Individual candidates are limited by law on how much they may spend but no such restriction applies to the parties.参考译文:比起其他国家的推举，英国年夜选是一件快速且简朴的事变。通俗来说，全国登记的4400万选夷易近中会有75百分的人加入投票。他们只需在选票上自己支撑的候选人名字阁下画上一个叉叉就可以了。在普选中，选夷易近根据自己的自愿来选出下议院的代表。
与另本国家不合，英国接纳“得票最多就得胜”的推举轨制来组成政府，即：在一个选区获得票数最多的候选人就能获得议会的席位，即便他/她获得的选票缺乏总票数的一半。现在，英国有651个从地理上分别的选区。
年夜部分的候选人都属于英国的三个重要政党，即保守党、工党和最小的自在夷易近主党。
英国全部的平正易近都无机遇竞选议员，除了停业的人、囚犯、神职人员、贵族和某些初级官员。为了限制加入竞选的人数，每一个侯选人在年夜选之前都要交500英镑。如果他们获得的选票缺乏5百分，政府就不退还那500英镑。
“得票最多便是得胜”的准绳也用于决议哪个政党组成新的政府。根据老例，获得席位最多的政党受女王的约请来组阁。该政党的首级成为新的首相。
推举确实切日期是由首相选定的，每每会提早一个月公布。这使得英国的竞选时候同美国如许的国家比拟要短得多，美国的总统竞选时候最长可继续9个月。
有估计说五分之一的英国选夷易近是在推举前四个礼拜才决议选谁。这就招致了各政党在末了几周花年夜把年夜把的钱做广告。英国有法则划定候选人在竞选历程中只能花多少钱，可是对政党没有划定。
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