英语长句的译法（一）
二、长句的翻译
英语习尚于用长的句子表达比较庞大的不雅观点,而汉语则不合,常常利用若干短句,作条理清楚的论述。因此,在举行英译汉时,要分外留意英语和汉语之间的差异,将英语的长句分解,翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译历程中,我们通俗接纳下列的体例。
(1)顺序法。当英语长句的内容的论述条理与汉语根基同等时,可以依照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:
例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题)
申明:该句子由一个主句,三个作陪伴状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时候状语从句组成,共有五层意思: A.既使在我们关失落了床头灯深深地进进梦境时; B.电仍在为我们义务; C.帮我们开动电冰箱; D.加热水; E.或是室内空调机继承运转。上述五层意思的逻辑干系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全同等,因此,我们可以经由历程顺序法,把该句翻译成:
即便在我们关失落了床头灯深深地进进梦境时,电仍在为我们义务:帮我们开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继承运转。
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题)
申明:该句的主干构造为“It is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that指导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to…构造,其中,不定式作主语, the time…是“expectation of life”的同位语,进一步注释其含义,而time背面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语构造,表达了四个条理的意义: A.可是现在人们认识到; B.其中有些矿物质的蕴躲量是无限的; C.人们乃至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可看存在多少年”; D.将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时候。根据同位语从句的翻译体例,把第四层意义的表达作得当的调解,整个句子就翻译为:可是现在人们认识到,其中有些矿物质的蕴躲量是无限的,人们乃至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可看存在多少年”,也便是说,经由若干年后,这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆荆下面我们再列举几个实例:例3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪已往,小说中的妇女像都是一个形式。她们没有任何特点,因此无法成为具有特征的人;他们还要服从于由男性主宰的文明传统强加给他们的各种束缚。
例4. This method of using“controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as“Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and“Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”
这种利用参照物的体例可以使用于良多种情况,也能用来找到很不相通的各种题目的谜底,从“铁生锈,能否必需有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”
例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man's life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我们对历史的快乐喜爱发源于我们最后仅对一些历史上的雄伟局面和激动人心的事变感到孩童般的快乐喜爱;厥后,这种快乐喜爱变得成熟起来,我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和庞大性,对历史上的光辉成绩和悲壮失落败也感快乐喜爱;对历史的快乐喜爱,最终以我们对人类生命的一种深邃深挚的秘密感而告结束。对去世往的,无论是庞年夜与伟年夜,全部在这个地球上走过罢了逝的人，都有能获得庞年夜奇不雅观或制造可骇事变的潜力。
例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
如果做怙恃的对这种青少年的反响反应有所准备,并且以为这是一个显现出孩子正在生长,正在生长贵重的考察力和自力的判定力的标记,他们就不会感到如斯悲伤,所以也就不会因对此有愤怒和反对的表情而把孩子推到统一面往。