高分作文的写作形式二
二、首段和尾段的写作
上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展形式，也便是说，我们已经了解了文章中心一部分的论述形式。根据四六级写作的特点，通俗首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么如何本领写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作体例。
1.首段的写作
首段的写作体例通俗为：
运用毕竟性信息、盘问拜访或故事等引出话题，2）导进主题，然后提出自己的不雅观点，也便是文章的论点
首段开篇的体例罕见的有：
1）谚语法
因为谚语通俗已经被巨匠所接受，用谚语提出自己的不雅观点也随便被读者所接受。
As the saying goes，“Money makes the mare go”， but there are many things we can't buy with money， such as time and true love.…
2）界说法
界说法是经由历程对文章中的关键词做一些简朴或正面或和睦的注释，限制其范围，如许比较有利于引出主题。
“Practice makes perfect” is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing， we will do a good job in the end.
3）发问法
经由历程发问一个或一连串的题目，可以激起读者的快乐喜爱，从而引出主题。
a. Do you have many friends？ Are they similar to you or different from you？ Which kind of friends do you prefer？
b. What is a good student？ Different people may have different answers to this question.
4）归结综合法
归结综合法指先总结文章内容所触及的近况，然后引出主题。
In recent years， with the development of science and technology， the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us， but at the same time， Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.
5）故事法
故事法指用简朴风趣的故事激起读者的快乐喜爱，从而提出自己的不雅观点。如下面“Is Stress a Bad Thing？”
6）引语法
“Just as eating without liking harms the health， learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained.” From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.
7）盘问拜访法
为了获得读者的供认，文章的开始可以引出盘问拜访数据等，借以提出主题，如下面“Is Stress a Bad Thing？”的1）和“Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet？”的4）。
8）假设法
假设法是指经由历程假定提出一种选择，交代文章要触及的题目，从而提出文章的主题。
Suppose you were offered two jobs， one is highly-paid but rather demanding， the other is less demanding， but poorly-paid， which would you prefer？…
9）综合法
详细写作时，同学们没有需要拘泥于一种体例，可以将上述体例总和起来。
首段示例1：
题目：Is Stress a Bad Thing？
提要：1）有人畏惧压力
2）有人以为压力并不是一件好事
3）我的不雅观点
“ I can't stand the pressure and competition，” explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons， but I don't think his decision is wise in reality.
It is true that my friend's case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable， easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact， however， stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control， a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge， and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless， idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.就这一题目而言，根据所提醒的提要，首段的写作还可以接纳下列体例：1） According to a recent survey， in the last few years， quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs. Although they may have their own respective reasons， I don't think their decision is wise in reality.2） Which job do you prefer， a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job？ You may choose the latter and have your own reasons， but I don't think this choice is wise enough whatever reasons.3） Faced with a hard and demanding task， people's attitude varies widely： some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities. In fact the choice we make between“flight” or“fight make the difference between leaders and mediocrities（伟年夜之辈）。
首段示例2：
题目：Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet？
提要： 1）跟着科技的生长，搜集越来越遍及；
2）搜集有其利益但也有错误错误；
3）我的不雅观点
根据下面的提醒，首段可有下列几种体例：
1） Nowadays， using the Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However， there are diverse opinions on this. Some think it wise， but I don't agree with them.
2） Today， the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more important role in our society and life. It's so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children？ Of course they can start using it.
3） Today， with the development of science and technology， the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are starting to use the Internet， including schoolchildren. However， I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet.
4） According to a recent survey， Internet users are becoming younger and younger， and Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play games. Faced with this phenomenon， many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet， and I think they have their reasons.
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