TOEFL语法教诲:名词词组与动名词
名词短语或动名词主句(大概从句)中做主语大概宾语。
A.语法复习由名词组成名词词组的几种体例
1. n. + adj.短语,如the jobs available to women
2. n. +介词短语,如a child with reading problem
3. adv. + v.-ed + n.,如seemingly limited number
4. n. + v.-ed短语大概-ing短语
5. n. of sth
B.例题
例题1(1999年1月考题)____in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.
(A) Plants are widely spaced
(B) The spacing of plants is wide
(C) Plants to be spaced widely
(D) The wide spacing of plants
首先申明句子构造。该句的主干是:is due to the limited supply.这里,句子缺主语。所以,空格中应该填进名词大概名词词组。选项A和B都是完整的主谓构造,而非名词或名词词组。根据due to的用法,我们又能拂拭C,所以准确谜底是D.
例题2(1999年1月考题)
Most leaves are coated with a waterproof _____, or cuticle.
(A) that the covering
(B) and is covering
(C) covering
(D) by covering
这已经是一个简朴的句子构造,即主谓完整。如果你认识waterproof这个词,你就晓得空格里应该填进名词。因为waterproof是描述词,它只能润色名词大概动名词。(这里的waterproof不能默示类别做名词,因为背面的冠词是a而不是the)你也可以根据平行构造,由or cuticle判定空格里应该填进名词大概动名词。(cuticle:表皮)而4个选项中只要C是名词大概动名词。
例题3(1999年8月考题)
The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms that contain_____, such as drama, poetry, essays, and novels.
(A) artistic, creative writing
(B) writing that artistic, creative
(C) artistic, creative, and writing
(D) them is artistic, creative writing
首先,申明句子构造。该句子的主干是:The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms.背面的that指导的从句润色名词词组literary forms,contain是动词(包括),背面应该带名词或名词词组。不但如斯,such as这个短语引出的drama, poetry, essays, and novels应该是空格的同位语,再次申明空格内应填进名词或名词词组。选项A恰好是能做contain的宾语的名词短语。其中,描述词artistic和creative润色动名词writing,组成名词词组。选项B中的that背面缺少助动词is.选项D也能修筑一个完整的句子构造,可是表达甚是负担,并且代词them指代错误(them指代forms)。所以,准确谜底是A.例题4(1999年8月考题)Paul Samuelson revolutionized _____by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking at an introductory level.(A) to teach economics(B) the teaching of economics(C) teaching that economics is(D) economics is taught首先,申明句子构造。空格后的by指导的举措做体例状语(by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking as an introductory level),句子的主干是Paul Samuelson revolutionized ______.由动词revolutionized(对……举行革命)的用法得出,厥后应该填进名词大概名词词组,以组成完整的主谓宾构造(如果谓语动词作及物动词,句子的完整构造应该包括主谓宾构造;如果谓语动词作非及物动词,句子的完整构造是主谓构造)。关于选项A,动词revolutionize并没有revolutionize to do sth的用法,也便是说revolution做动词时,即revolutionize是及物动词,后不加不定式。选项B恰好是可组成宾语的名词词组。关于选项C,其中的that economics is用法错误,因为它不能当从句润色可做名词的动名词teaching.而关于选项D,它是一个完整的主谓构造,填进空格中底子没法组成一个构造合理的句子。
关键字:动名词 动名词的用法 什么是动名词 动名词作主语 英语动名词
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