大众英语品级测验PETS三级综合教诲(一)
三级英语强化教诲讲义
语法:模样形状动词
模样形状动词是默示有本领、义务、需要、预测等说话人的语气或模样形状等的词类。所默示的模样形状包括饬令、恳求、愿看、拒尽、年夜概、需要、勇于等。模样形状动词自己有一定的意义,但不完全,不能零丁作谓语,只能和不带to的动词不定式(ought等除外)一同组成复合谓语。
模样形状动词有:can/could, may/might, shall/should, ought/ought, will/would, must/must、 need/needed, dare/dared, have(has) to/had to, used to等。
三级统登科,重点不是测验模样形状动词+底细动词,重点是测验下面四种比较庞大构造:
1.must have done默示对过往的举措比较有掌握的预测。
如The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨晚一定是下雨了。
另外,may have done也默示对过旧毕竟的预测,但年夜概性比较校
如He isn’t here yet.He may have forgotten about the meeting.他还没来,年夜概是忘了此次集会了。
2.should (not) have done / ought (not) have done默示过往该当做的举措因为某种缘故原因没有做到,含有叱责之意,其中should (not) have done语气较重一些。
如:
You should have got up earlier.你正本应该夙起的。
She ought to have seen a doctor about her headache a week ago.她本应一周前往看破痛病的。
You shouldn’t have hurt her feelings.你不该该危险她的感情。
3.would have done也默示过往没有完成的举措,与should have done比拟,would have done不可以零丁利用,必需和假造语气中的前提从句连用;再者should have done有批驳意味,而would have done没有批驳意味。
4.could have done意为“正本可以”,默示过往存在某种年夜概性,因为客不雅观前提限制最终没有可以完成,它可以零丁利用,也可以和假造语气构造中的前提从句利用。
如:
You could have made a more detailed plan,你本可以写出一个更为细致的计划。
We could have arrived earlier.我们正本能早些到的。
语法:假造语气
英语中语气重要有陈说语气、祈使语气、假造语气三种,假造语气是一种特另外动词形式,默示所说的话不是一个毕竟,而只是一种假定、愿看、发起、猜疑、预测或不年夜年夜概完成的理想。假造语气是语法中最难的一部分,它所表达的举措还没有做,可是动词要用普经由历程往式.
下面是其几种用法:
1.假造语气在前提状语从句中的使用
假造语气用在前提状语从句中,每每从句由if指导。英语中的前提句分两种:
真实前提句:满意了某个前提就真会有这种情况发作.
如If I have time, I will go.
假造前提句:是假造假定的.假造前提句从时候上又分为三种:
(1)与现在毕竟相反的假定
前提状语从句组成:If+普经由历程往时(be动词用were,不用was。)
主句组成:主语+would/should/could/might+动词底细
如If I were you, I would refuse to go there.如果我是你,我将拒尽往那边。
(2)与过旧毕竟相反的假定
前提状语从句组成:If+过往完成时have done
主句组成:主语+would/should/could/might+have+过往分词
如If he had come yesterday,I should/would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事通知他的。
(3)与将来毕竟年夜概相反的假造前提句
前提状语从句组成:普经由历程往时did
If+主语+were+to do
If+主语+should+do
主句组成:主语+would/should/could/might+动词底细
如We would stay at home , if it should rain tomorrow.本日如果下雨的话我们就呆在家。
We would stay at home, if the rain were to go on tomorrow.
留意:
(1)如果前提从句中含有助动词、模样形状动词、be动词或动词to have,可以省略if,然后倒装(把上述几种动词放在主语之前)。
如Should it rain,the crops would be saved.如果下雨,庄稼就有救了。
(2)前提从句可以用介词短语(without、but for)来替代。
如:
We couldn’t have achieved so much without your help.要不是你的匡助,我们是不能获得如许年夜的成绩。(without your help变成从句时相称于if you had not helped us)
But for your help,we couldn’t have achieved so much.(but for放在句首)
2.假造语气在wish后宾语从句中的使用
假造语气用在wish(希看)后的宾语从句中,默示不年夜概完成的愿看(此时常常省往连词that)。
(1)默示与现在毕竟相反的愿看
组成:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过往式
如I wish I knew his address.我希看我晓得他在哪儿。
如果动词是be,过往式同等用were,不能用was.
如I wish I were as young as you.我希看我跟你一样年老。
(2)默示与过旧毕竟相反的愿看
组成:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would /could+have(或had)+过往分词
如He wished he hadn’t said that.他希看他没讲过那样的话。
(3)默示将来不年夜年夜概完成的愿看
组成:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/should/could/might+底细动词
如I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希看今世界雨就好了。
3.假造语气在某些动词后的that从句中的使用
suggest(发起)、 propose(发起,发起)、 order(饬令)、 command(饬令)、 demand(要求,比较肃静严厉的要求)、 recommend(发起,奉劝)、 require(要求)、 request(要求)、 insist(对峙)、 desire(渴看)、advise(奉劝,通告)、 ask(要求)等默示发起、饬令、恳求的动词后的宾语从句,要用假造语气,谓语动词要should(可省略)+底细动词。
如:
He insisted that he should be sent there.他要求被派到那边往。
The instructions ask that we not take more than three tables at once.申明上要求一次最多服用三片。
We desire that the tour leader inform us immediately of any change in plans.如果计划有变,我们希看导游立刻给以告知。
4.假造语气在某些主语从句中的使用
主语从句分为两种:
第一种: It is(was)+某些动词的过往分词(suggested, requested, ordered, proposed)+ that+主语+ should (可省略)+ V (动词底细).
如It’s suggested that the meeting not be put off.有人发起不要推延集会。
第二种: It is(was)+描述词(important,necessary, urgly, vital,desirable等)+ that+主语+ should (可省略)+ V (动词底细), it照旧形式主语。
如It’s preferable that each club member come up with his own solution to
the problem.更好的办法是每个会员都提出自己的处理体例。
在这两种气象中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句,如许是为了防止句子显得虎头蛇尾。
5.假造语气在某些表语从句和同位语从句中的使用
与表语从句和同位语从句连用的名词是suggestion, proposal , order, request,
plan, idea , motion, advice时,从句中的谓语动词用(should) +动词底细。
如:
表语从句The professor’s advice was that Peter revise his IT again.传授的发起是让Peter再点窜一遍他的论文。
同位语从句We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞同你的发起,推延讨论。
6.假造语气在as if和as though指导的体例状语从句中的使用
此时,如果默示对现在的情况有所猜疑,动词用普经由历程往时;如果默示对过往的情况有猜疑,动词用过往完成时。
如:
He talks as if he knew everything in the world.他以一无所知的口吻批评辩论着。
He looks as if he had been ill.他看起来象是病过一常
7.假造语气在目标状语从句中的使用
假造语气在由lest, for fear that, in case(这三个单词都是“以防,万一”的意
思)指导的目标状语从句中,默示担心大概担心。动词的形式是:should+V底细,should每每不省略,可是在美国英语中可以省略。
如:
She took her raincoat with her lest it should rain.她带上了雨衣以防世界雨。
I wrote it down in case I should forget it.我把它写了上去,以免忘失落。
8.假造语气在would rather背面的that从句中的使用
would rather宁肯,宁肯。它表达的是一种自愿,这个举措尚未发作,动词要用过往式。
如I am too busy these days , I would rather all of you came next month for a dinner .我近来太忙,最好下个月再请你们全部人吧。
9.假造语气在It is (high/about) time that。。。句中的使用
It is (high/about) time that……“该是做……的时候了”。动词要用过往时或用should +动词底细,但should不可省略.
如It is (high) time that we had a rest.早该休息会儿了.
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