PETS语法教诲：主谓同等
主谓同等是指： 1）语法形式上要同等，即单双数形式与谓语要同等。 2）意义上要同等，即主语意义上的单双数要与谓语的单双数形式同等。 3）就近准绳，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
通俗来说，不可数名词用动词双数，可数名词双数用动词双数。
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有默示数量标双数名词时，谓语动词用双数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
一、并列构做作主语时谓语用双数
Reading and writing are very important.留意：当主语由and连结时，如果它默示一个单一的不雅观点，即指统一人或统一物时，谓语动词用双数，and此时连接的两个词前只要一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典范例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. isB. was C. are D. were
谜底B.注：先从时态上思量。这是过往发作的事变使用过往时，先拂拭A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor好象是两团体，但细致分辨， monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。背面的职务用and相连。如许本题主语为一团体，所以应选B。
二、主谓同等中的靠近准绳
1）当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语连结同等。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2）当either… or…与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语连结同等。如果句子是由here, there指导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语每每也和最邻近的主语同等。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some IT for you.
三、谓语动词与背面的主语同等
当主语背面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词惹起的短语时，谓语动词与背面的主语同等。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
四、谓语需用双数
1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等组成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every,谓语需用双数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用双数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
""天方夜谭""是英语快乐喜爱者认识的一本好书。
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