英语四级改错题常考要点－非谓语动词
非谓语动词
(一)分词
现在分词和过往分词的区别
①、用于句首作状语，现在分词默示主动，过往分词默示主动
例：Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then
A
struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.
BCD
申明：分词作状语，重要看是主动照旧主动，美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错，改won为winning②、用于名词背面作后置定语，现在分词默示主动，过往分词默示主动
例：In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in
AB
the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.
CD
申明：B错，糊口在什么中央的人，人糊口是主动，因此改为living
一些动词背面必需用doing
关于加doing的词来说，测验中通俗出现一个，下面这些词都是要加doing的，请考生服膺。
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjust
advocate, suggest
delay, quit
forgive(包涵)，tolerate，
avoid, escape(躲避)
spend+名词+doing;
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing
例：Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their
ABCD
crops.
申明：D错，应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语，故将to harvest改为harvesting。
例：Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
A B
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.
CD
申明：A错，advocate背面直接跟doing,改为advocate bringing
(二)不定式
A.动词不定式的省略
①、help背面可以省略to
help to do
help sb. to do
例：A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid
AB
the habits that might shorten the lives.
C D
申明：D错，应改为their.定冠词在句中不如代词全部格明白，如果lives背面有定语就可以用the。留意（A）并没有错，help背面可以接不带to的不定式。
②、使役动词背面要省略to,如许的动词只要三个
make,
let,
have sb. do sth
留意get不是使役动词，get sb. to do sth.
例：A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians
AB
to know when to play various parts of a composition.
CD
申明：let是使役动词，背面不需要to, C改为know
③、感官动词
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe
see sb do sth.夸张历程
see sb doing sth正在做某事
B.动词不定式的牢固用法
(1)默示第一人
the first woman to do sth.
(2)默示迫使的动词
通俗考三个， allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do
例：Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
AB
allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.
CD
申明：allow...to do是牢固短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。
(3)默示偏向…的描述词
be more likely to do更有年夜概作某事
be inclined to do偏向于做某事
be liable to do易于…的
be apt to do
(4)默示目标的名词，一共有7个如许的词，这一条也是最重要的。
牢固的句式：
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.
the objective目标
aim
goal
reason来由
function功用
intension意图
例：The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing
A
large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
B CD
申明：the function to provide, A错
例：The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
A
and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds
B
that make up various components of a living cell.
CD
申明：the chief goal is to understand, A错
(5)其他同根名词
ability to do遭到be able to的影响
attempt to do企图
decision to do决议,受decide的影响
ambition,
be ambitious to do
effort
例：For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation
AB
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.
CD
申明：B错，应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目标，故将名词explanation改为to explain。
例：In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great
AB
efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.
CD
申明：efforts to register, C错
C.动词不定式的其他用法
(1) be to do默示已安排好大概注定要发作的举措，属于将来时态的范围
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”，默示不定式的举措在谓语举措之前发作，这个完成式每每默示普经由历程往时
I am glad to see you.
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.
yesterday是普经由历程往时，润色have seen.
(3)描述词背面利用动词不定式，主动默示主动
It is difficult to decide.
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