综合教诲：语法教诲——自力主格
PETS语法教诲：自力主格
一、自力主格介绍
（一）：自力主格构造的组成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过往分词；
名词(代词)+描述词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语组成。? （二）自力主格构造的特点：
1）自力主格构造的逻辑主语与句子的主语不合，它自力存在。
2）名词或代词与背面的分词，描述词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓干系。
3）自力主格构造通俗有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
测验结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果气候理睬，我们本日往看你。
This done, we went home.
义务完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
集会结束后，每团体都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了藏书楼
二、With的复合构做作自力主格
表陪伴时，既可用分词的自力构造，也可用with的复合构造。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过往分词/描述词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典范例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
谜底D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语构造。当分词默示陪伴状况时，其主语常常用with来指导。因为本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是主动干系，因此用过往分词，选D.
三、留意事变:
1)自力主格构造利用介词的题目：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何身分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用双数。但 with的复合构造不受此限制：
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。? 2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过往分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典范例题：
Weather___, we’ll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
谜底B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中利用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简朴句。可以如许利用的只要自力主格或with的复合构造。据此判定，本句中利用的是自力构造，其构造为：名词+分词。因为permit在这里翻译为’气候理睬’，表主动，使用现在分词，故选B。
如果不会判定自力构做作状语的形式，无妨将句子改为前提句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we’ll go out for a walk.然后将if往失落，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
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