提高听力本领的说话身分和知识身分二
二、知识身分在说话中的运用
这里所说的知识包括与听力材料有关的背景知识、对话和文章的话题知识、听力的战略知识以及听力测试的命题规律等知识。
1、背景知识
对听力材料的背景知识的了解有助于听力材料的了解，而缺乏应有的背景知识常常是形成了解失落败的缘故原因。听力对话和听力漫笔所触及的范围遍及，要求同学们留意积累有关文明、历史、地理、宗教、政治、习尚、糊口等各方面的知识，恰是Rich experiences are the facilitator of listening comprehension.
2、话题知识
无论是对话照旧漫笔，都有其所触及的话题，所要申明的主题，而材料中的统统又都是为了这一主题效力，显现统一主题，或统一话题又有与其同现的词汇。同学们可以经由历程这些词汇料到文章的话题，然后经由历程文章的主题，预测文章的年夜体内容，从而对漫笔举行团体的了解。同学们异样可以经由历程同现的词汇料到对话发作的地点，会话人之间的干系，各自的身份等。
（1）使用词汇的同现判定对话发作的地点以及会话人之间的干系和身份、职业等。如：① M： The Golden Lion sounds like a nice place to eat. W： Ok， let's go there. I hear that they have a complete menu and a warm atmosphere. Q： Where are the man and the woman going？（1989.1）
A. To the beach. B. To a play. C. To a movie theater D. To a restaurant.从menu一词连系a nice place to eat，同学们便可轻松判定谜底D.
② M： How about the food I ordered？ I've been waiting for 20 minutes. W： I'm very sorry， sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute. Q： Who is the man most probably speaking to？
A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator. C. A waitress D. A clerk.从order的利用可以判定谜底为C.
③ M： Why didn't you stop when we first signaled？
W： I'm sorry. Will I have to pay a fine？
Q： What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman？
A. Policeman and driver. B. Policeman and thief. C. Teacher and pupil. D. Director and actress.从signal， stop， pay a fine可以看出，说话者之间的干系为IT和司机的干系。谜底为A.
（2）使用话题和主题知识掌握全文：文章的主题通俗出现在文章的首句，在听时一定要留意首句的了解，然后根据首句料到文章年夜概会包括的内容，在听的历程留意用来申明主题的信息，举行前后的连接思索，就可以轻松地了解全文。毕竟上听力中也有对文章主题的考察。如：There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last 50 years. The liberation of women in the early part of 20th century and social and economic effects of the World War Two had a great impact on the traditional family life. Women became essential to industry and professions. During the war， they had worked in factories and proved their worth. Now with the loss of millions of man their service was indispensable to the nation. More recently great advances in scientific knowledge， and particularly in medicine have had enormous social consequences. Children are better cared for and are far healthier. Infant death rate was low. Above all， parents now can plan the size of their family if they wish to more effective means of birth control. Different attitudes to religion， authority and tradition generally have also contributed to changes in family life. But these developments have effected all aspects of society. It is particularly interesting to know that the concept of the family as a social unit has survived all these changes.Q： What is the passage mainly about？
A. The liberation movement of British woman. B. Rapid economic development in Britain. C. Changing attitudes to family life. D. Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.经由历程对漫笔首句的了解，可以判定谜底是D.
3、战略知识
除具有以上知识以外，为了包管听力的质量，同学们，还必需了解一些战略知识，包括听力战略和听力应试战略。
1）听力战略听力战略是听力质量的包管。通俗情况下，同学们应掌握的听力战略有：（1）有目标地往听：听要有目标，是要了解年夜意照旧详细的细节，什么细节，在听之前应该首先确定听的目标。
（2）听年夜意：听年夜意的体例与阅读中的览读本领相通，要求同学们在听的时候将留意力会合在话题上，和要表达的主题上，抓重要的东西，而不是详细的细节。
（3）听详细信息：与“听年夜意”不合，该听力本领要求同学们在听的时候只留意相干详细细节就可，如文中的详细义务，详细事变，事变发作的详细地点，时候，缘故原因等。
（4）记条记：在听的历程中，同学们有需要对重要信息做一下记实，以匡助对听力材料的影象，也便于随后的推理和判定。
（5）预测：在听的历程中对下文举行预测是团体了解的包管，预测越是准确，了解也越是简朴。
2）应试战略所谓应试战略指应付测验的有效手腕，通俗包括（1）预读选项预读选项指在听之前先将试题的四个选项阅读一遍。这是做难听力必备的本领。经由历程度析四个选项可以对所发问的题目有个年夜体的了解，使听更富于目标性，带着题目往听，有助于提高留意力，将留意力会合于对话中的某一点信息，淘汰听的承当，解题也更加准确，快捷。如：① A. Once a week B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week D. Four times a week.（1994.1）四个选项都是默示频度，显然对话内容与做什么事，每周几回有关，带着这个题目往听，就不难找到题目的谜底。请看原文：M： Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano.Does he attend any piano classes？
W： Yes， he takes lessons twice a week， but from next week on， he will go to the class on Saturday evenings， too. Q： How often will the woman's son have piano lessons from next week on？
对话中提到一周上几回钢琴课，但已往是一周两次，从下礼拜周六加一次，也便是三次。因为不晓得问的是已往一周几回，照旧今后一周几回，在听的时候，有需要记清晰。当听到题目后，便可立刻决议谜底是C.
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