新托福测验阅读听课条记：指代题备考指南
3.平行构造中的指代
平行构造重要包括some/most/many/such/each…, others…; not only…but also…; the former…the latter等。在这种构造中，平行构造两个部分的两个代词常常指代统一工具：前一句中的名词主语。例如，
In Southwest France in the 1940s, playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto, a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals. Many of these beasts are as large as 16 feet (almost 5 meters). Some follow each other in solemn parades, but others swirl about, sideways and upside down.
The word others in the passage refers to
chambers
paintings
beasts
parades
原文包括平行构造some…others，它们都指代前一句中的名词主语beasts，因此第三个选项为准确谜底。
4.全部格的指代
全部格代词常常指代其背面与其最靠近的名词。例如，
Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.
The word“their” in line 1 refers to
(A)folk
(B)nations
(C)countries
(D)objects
根据全部格指代的解题本领，their指代背面地位近来的名词objects，因此(D)为准确谜底。
5.指代的接力棒现象
这一现象是指被考的代词对应背面一个相通的代词，尔背面的代词指代更前一句中的名词。例如，
While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location.
The word“they” in line 8 refers to
(A)North Americans
(B)news shows
(C)interviews
(D)opinions
在这一例子中，第二句中的代词they(reflect the opinions…)对应第一句中的they(are not…)，而第一个they指代背面从句中的名词主语interviews，那么第二个they也指代interviews，因此(C)为准确谜底。
除了上述情况之外，其他指代，如定语从句中(of which…, in which…, from which…)的干系代词指代先行词，from there构造中的there指代背面最靠近的地点名词等，限于篇幅，不再胪陈。
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