体育论文摘要五
《北京市体重正常和肥胖人群膂力活动状况的钻研》
摘要
肥胖发病率在世界范围内呈逐年上升趋势，肥胖与多种疾病包括心脑血管疾并II型糖尿并某些肿瘤发作以及相干灭亡干系慎密亲密。膂力活动对肥胖有一定的影响，可是，现在对膂力活动形式钻研的较少。
目标：描绘比较体重正常和肥胖人群的膂力活动状况，为肥胖的防备和医治供给根据。
钻研工具和体例：1998年-2000年加入“炊事和膂力活动对体身分(百分BF)的相对影响”课题的130人，其中，体重正常组（体脂百分比）男性18人、女性25人；肥胖组男性45人、女性42人。膂力活动盘问拜访接纳加速度计（Computer Science and Applications, CSA）和MONICA一周膂力活动问卷法。能量消耗用双标水（Doubly Labeled Water, DLW）法和根据各种膂力活动计算能量消耗。百分BF用单标水(Deuterium Oxide Dilution, D2O)体例测量。
功效：（1）体重正常组男性和女性举行体育磨炼的比例、时候、体例和频率均高于肥胖组男性和女性；体重正常组男性和女性举行专业漫步的比例和时候均有高于肥胖组男性和女性专业漫步的趋势，但差异没有清楚性。当匀称每天专业漫步的时候年夜于等于60分钟时，体重正常组男性和女性专业漫步的比例均清楚高于肥胖组男性和女性；体重正常组男性做家务的比例和时候均高于肥胖组男性，体重正常组女性做家务的比例和时候均低于肥胖组女性。当匀称每天做家务时候年夜于等于60分钟时，体重正常组男性和女性做家务的比例均高于肥胖组，差异具有清楚性（P"0.05）；体重正常组男性的交通比例和时候均低于肥胖组男性，体重正常组女性的交通时候高于肥胖组女性；体重正常组男性的义务比例和时候均低于肥胖组男性，体重正常组女性的义务时候高于肥胖组女性；体重正常组男性和女性的就寝时候均高于肥胖组男性和女性。（2）体重正常组男性和女性的轻度膂力活动时候均低于肥胖组男性和女性的轻度膂力活动时候；体重正常组男性和女性的中度膂力活动时候均高于肥胖组男性和女性的中度膂力活动时候；体重正常组男性加入重度膂力活动的比例和时候均低于肥胖组男性，体重正常组女性加入重度膂力活动的比例低于肥胖组女性，重度膂力活动时候高于肥胖组女性。（3）分别用DLW体例测量的总能量消耗（Total Energy Expenditure, TEE）和CSA调解后的总能量消耗（Prediction Total Energy Expenditure, PTEE）默示：肥胖组男性和女性的TEE均高于体重正常组男性和女性的TEE，差异具有清楚性（P"0.01）。体重正常组男性和女性每公斤体重的能量消耗高于肥胖组男性和女性每公斤体重的能量消耗，差异具有清楚性（P"0.01）。体重正常组男性和女性的活动记数（加速度的总和）均高于肥胖组男性和女性。肥胖组男性和女性的膂力活动能量消耗（Activity Energy Expenditure, AEE）和基础代谢能量消耗有高于体重正常组男性和女性的AEE和基础代谢能量消耗的趋势，但差异没有清楚性。肥胖组男性和女性的膂力活动程度（Physical activity Level, PAL）均低于体重正常组男性和女性的膂力活动程度，差异具有清楚性（P"0.05）。
多元慢慢回回申明功效发明，与男性百分BF干系最年夜的是义务日体育磨炼（β=-0.679），然后依次为义务日步辇儿购物（β=-0.619）、就寝时候（β=-0.468），周末步辇儿购物（β=-0.343）；与女性百分BF的干系最年夜的是义务日步辇儿购物（β=-0.716），然后依次为义务日体育磨炼（β=-0.618）、周末体育磨炼（β=-0.458）、就寝时候（β=-0.343）、骑自行车上下班（β=-0.269）、周末漫步（β=-0.269）。
结论：本钻研发明，在男性中，义务日体育磨炼、义务日步辇儿购物、就寝时候、周末步辇儿购物的时候越高，肥胖发作的危险性越低；在女性中，义务日步辇儿购物、义务日体育磨炼、周末体育磨炼、骑自行车上下班、就寝时候、周末漫步、周末骑自行车的时候越高，肥胖发作的危险性越低。
另外，还发明：固然肥胖组的TEE和AEE高于体重正常组的TEE和AEE，可是肥胖组男性和女性的每公斤体重的能量消耗、活动记数和PAL清楚低于体重正常组男性和女性的每公斤体重的能量消耗、活动记数和PAL。申明PAL越高，肥胖发作的危险性越低。
关键词：体脂百分比肥胖膂力活动形式膂力活动程度总能量消耗
《北京市体重正常和肥胖人群膂力活动状况的钻研》
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been rising up all over the world. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stroke and some categories of cancers. It is also linked to increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Physical activity is a stronger influence factor on obesity than other environments. However, currently, the studies of physical activity patterns are few. Objective: Describe and Compare of physical activity patterns of multitude with different body composition, Provide basis for fat prevention and treatment. Objects and Methods: 130 people who take part in“the relative effects of dietary fat and physical activity on body composition” study in 1998-2000. 18 Males with normal weight (body fat percentage), 25 females with normal weight, 45 males with obesity, 42 female with obesity; physical activity (by Computer Science and Applications and WHO MONICA questionnaire), total energy expenditure (by DLW and calculated energy expenditure for all physical activity), percentage body fat (by D2O). Results: (1) Kinds, frequency and proportion of physical exercise in normal weight males and females are higher than in those overweight people. The time used in physical exercise by normal weight people is longer than those of overweight people. The difference is obvious (P"0.05). In workdays, the normal weight males spend more time in shopping, doing housework and leisure time talking than obesity males. The normal weight females spend more time in riding bikes for work than obesity females (P"0.05). The normal weight males spend more time in doing housework than those overweight people when the time is longer than or equal to 30 minutes. The difference is obvious (P"0.05). The normal weight males and females spend more time in shopping than those obesity when the time is longer than or equal to 60 minutes. The difference is obvious (P"0.05). In weekends, normal weight males spend more time in leisure time walking than those obesity when the time is longer than or equal to 60 minutes. The difference is obvious (P"0.05). Normal weight females spend more tine in doing housework, shopping, leisure time talking than those obesity. The normal weight females spend more time in leisure time walking than those obesity when the time is longer than or equal to 60 minutes. The difference is obvious (P"0.05). (2) light-intensity physical activity of normal weight males and females are low than those of obesity. They spend more time in moderate- intensity physical activity than obesity. (3) The total energy expenditure by using Doubly Labeled Water and adjusted energy expenditure for CSA shows that: The obesity males and females' total energy expenditure is higher than those of normal weight. The difference is obvious (P"0.01). The obesity males and females' physical activity energy expenditure (AEE) and basal metabolism, energy expenditure are both higher than those of normal weight. The difference is not obvious. (4) The obesity males and females' energy expenditure of per kilogram body weight and physical activity level (PAL) is lower than those of normal weight. The difference is obvious (P"0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the dominant factor of 百分BF in boys is exercise on the weekdays (β= -0.679), and in turn going shopping by feet on the weekdays (β= -0.619), sleeping time (β= -0.468), going shopping by feet on the weekend (β= -0.343); that the dominant factor of 百分BF in girl is going shopping by feet on the weekdays (β= -0.716), and in turn exercise on the weekdays (β= -0.618), and weekend (β= -0.458), sleeping time (β= -0.343), go and from work by bicycle (β= -0.269), walking on the weekend(β= -0.269). Conclusion: The result indicated that: the more time it spend on exercise going shopping by feet on the weekdays sleeping etc. in man, the lower of the risk, it develop obesity, and in woman the more time it spend on going shopping on the weekdays exercise all the week, go and from work by bicycle, sleeping, walking on the weekend, the lower of the risk it becoming obesity. In addition, it‘s show that despite TEE and AEE of obesity group is higher than its normal of weight group, but consume energy per weight in obesity group is distinctly lower than its in normal weight group. The higher physical activity level is, the less risk of obesity is. Key Words: percentage of body fat obesity physical activity patterns physical activity level total energy expenditure
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