英语专业八级翻译试题及一些翻译练习
全国英语专业八级测验（TEM8）的翻译部分（汉译英）原文全文如下：
抱病已往，我受怙恃溺爱，在家中横行蛮横，一旦断绝，拘禁在花圃山坡上一幢斗室子里，我顿感打进冷宫，非常郁郁不失落意起来。一个春天的薄暮，园中百花怒放，怙恃在园中设席，临时来宾云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中年夜千世界，一片贫贱，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也交织其间，个个怒气洋洋。一瞬间，一阵被人抛却，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，不由得痛哭起来。
阅门生之译文，笔者发明有一个题目值得我们西席留意，即若安在动笔翻译前，能敏捷准确地确定英译的主语。如：
1.抱病已往，我受怙恃溺爱，在家中横行蛮横。
门生译文（以下简称“学译”）：Before the illness， I was much petted by parents， doing everything at will in the home.
学译：Before I became ill， I have received all the favor of my parents， just like a little tyrant at home.
参考译文：Before I fell ill， I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.
我们晓得，汉语表达年夜多为“意合”构造，构造松散，以一个一个看似并列的短句“拼集而成，相互逻辑干系不清楚；但英语则不合于汉语，它是形合说话，极度讲求句子内部的逻辑干系的”外化“，所谓”外化“，即，利用Connectives来显现其逻辑干系。我国译界有一个闻名比方：汉语句子的构造像”竹竿“，是一节接一节的；而英语句子则像”葡萄“，主干很短，而”挂“在下面的附加身分则良多。可以说，汉译英的历程，是一个由”竹竿“向”葡萄“转换的历程。首先要确定”一节接一节“的汉语句子，选其中的哪一节为英句的”（葡萄）主干“。
下面的汉语原句就含有一定的逻辑干系。“受怙恃溺爱”是因，而“在家中横行蛮横”则是果。“果”应是全句的重心，英译上句，“（葡萄）主干”当选定“在家中横行蛮横”而非门生译文所选的“我受怙恃溺爱”。
2.一旦断绝，拘禁在花圃山坡上一幢斗室子里，我顿感打进冷宫，非常郁郁不失落意起来。
学译：When isolated and taken into custody in a small house on the hillside of our garden， I felt like I was abandoned， getting more and more depressed.
学译：As soon as I was kept apart in a small flat built on the hillside in the garden， I suddenly felt being consigned to limbo， gloomily and disappointedly.
参考译文：Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace， I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.
汉语原句有“四节”，哪一部分应该成为英句之“主干”？“我顿感打进冷宫”，照旧“非常郁郁不失落意起来”？学译都把“我顿感打进冷宫”处理为“主干”，而参考译文则反其道而行之。细细申明，“非常郁郁不失落意起来”和“我顿感打进冷宫”，两者也有主次干系。显然，“非常郁郁不失落意起来”为主，“我顿感打进冷宫”为次。两者之间，不但存在时候先后的顺序，并且还存在着逻辑上的“因果”。因此，参考译文处理稳当。另一个值得参考之处在于：“主干”（I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration）的前后均有附加身分，句子显出“平衡美”。
3.一个春天的薄暮，园中百花怒放，怙恃在园中设席，临时来宾云集，笑语四溢。
学译：At one dusk in spring， flowers were blooming wildly in the garden， my parents were holding a banquet， in which guests were gathering， laughters could be heard everywhere.
学译：On a spring evening， hundreds of flowers were in full bloom in the garden where my parents hosted a banquet. For a while， guests gathered in large number， laughing and talking， which could be heard clearly.
参考译文：On a spring evening， my parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time， a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.
汉语原句的“节数”增加到“五节”。译成英语，仍应确定准确的“主干”，两个“学译”不约而合，将“园中百花怒放”，而不是“怙恃在园中设席”作为“主干”来处理。读来，给人一种不雅观比萨斜塔的感受。比拟之下，参考译文则给人一种美感，披发出浓烈的英语味。缘故原因很简朴，参考译文选对了英译之“主干”（my parents gave a banquet in the garden）。另外一个值得记着的履历是：汉语原句出现了一个句号，因此80百分阁下的门生译文，也慎密亲密跟随，硬性译成了一句，以上两句“学译”也不例外。复不雅观参考译文，我们发明，被处理成两句，冷静之中，更多了些精悍！
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