四六级猜词本领年夜津贴篇
在英语学习中,我们天然会碰到良多生词。这时,良多人立刻翻阅字典,查找词义。实在,这种做法是不迷信的。它不但费时艰苦,并且影响阅读速度。毕竟上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子乃至段落有着相互制约的干系。我们可以使用语境(各种已知信息)料到、判定某些生词的词义。预测词义时,可使用以下线索:
一、针对性注释
针对性注释是作者为了更好的表达思惟,在文章中对一些重要的不雅观点、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的注释。这些注释供给的信息具有明白的针对性,使用它们猜词义比较随便。
1、根据界说预测词义如果生词是句子或段落所注释的界说,了解句子或段落自己便是料到词义。例如:anthropology is the scientific study of man.由界说可知,anthropology便是“钻研人类的迷信”。In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds himself or herself in a difficult situation.异样,从上下文的界说可知jam一词在俗语中的意思是“窘境”。界说句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
2、根据复述预测词义
固然复述不如界说那样严谨、详细,可是供给的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以得当词、短语或是从句。同位语Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are tospeak and read intelligently.
此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义举行钻研的学科”。该短语与背面熟词semanties式同位干系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。
在复述中组成同位干系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,偶尔也利用破折号,冒号,分号,引号,和括号等。Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义——电容量。需要留意的是:同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other,say i. e.等副词或短语出现。定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.根据生词SAD背面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings,我们可以料到出SAD含义,即“季节性表情杂乱症”。根据举例预测词义得当的举例可以供给预测生词的重要线索,例如:The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were inthe past.句中“战役”和“重年夜迷信发明”是生词的实例,经由历程它们我们可以猜出epochal的年夜致词义“重要的”,这与其切当含义“划期间的”非常靠近。
二、内涵逻辑干系
根据内涵逻辑干系料到词义是指运用说话知识申明和判定相干信息之间存在的逻辑干系,然后根据逻辑干系料到生词词义或年夜致义域。
1.根据对比干系预测词义
在一个句子或段落中,有对两个事物或现象举行对比性的描绘,我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词预测其词义。例如:Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
该例中supercilious对良多人来说年夜概是个生词,可是句中短语in contrast,(相比较的,相对比的)可以提醒我们supercilious和背面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦逊)是对比干系。申明出这种干系后,我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空统统的,高傲的”。
默示对比干系的词汇和短语重如果unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast和while指导的并列句等。A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.该句中并未出现下面提到的默示对比干系的词或短语,可是经由历程上下文可以判定出句子前后是对比干系,即把纯熟工人与非纯熟工人区分开。这时我们也可以料到出生词adept的词义,“纯熟的”。
2.根据比较干系预测词义
同对比干系相反,比较干系表默示义上的类似干系,例如:Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较干系。以此可以料到出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。默示比较干系的词和短语重如果similarly,like,just as,also等。
3.根据因果干系预测词义
在句子或段落种,若两个事物、现象之间组成因果干系,我们可以根据这种逻辑干系推知生词词义。例如:Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根据缘故原因状语从句的内容,我们可以料到出生词autocratic指“言听计从的”。There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow hisway through the crowd.
此句为功效状语从句,根据从句的描书“良多示威者”,我们便可推知elbow的词意“挤,挤过”。
4.根据同义词的更换干系预测词义
在句子或段落种,我们可以使用认识的词语,根据说话情况料到生词词义。例如:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
作者为防止频频利用endanger一词,用其同义词jeopardize来更换它,由此推知其词义为“使。 . .陷进危险,危及、危害”。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. Theyalso regard drinking as harmful.
句中detrimental四个生词,但判定出harmful更换detrimental后,不难料到出其词义为“倒运的,无害的”。
三、内部相干身分
内部相干身分是指篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识。偶尔仅靠申明篇章内涵逻辑干系无法猜出词义。这时,就需要运用糊口履历和普每每识确定词义。例如:Husband:it‘s really cold out tonight.Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根据糊口履历,气候严冷时,手一定是“冻僵的,冻得麻木的”。The snake slithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的糊口习性的知识,我们可以料到出slither词义为“爬行”。在预测词义历程中,除了利用下面提到的一些本领,我们还可以拜托构词方面的知识,从生词自己预测词义。
1.根据前缀预测词义例如:He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.根据词根conscious(苏醒的,存心识的),连系前缀semi(半,部分的,不完全的),我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半苏醒的,半昏迷的”。I‘m illiterate about such things.词根literate意为“有文明教养的,灵通的”,前缀il默示否定,因此illiterate指“一窍不通,不晓得的”。
2.根据后缀预测词义例如:Insecticide is applied where it is needed.后缀cide默示“杀者,杀灭剂”,连系巨匠认识的词根insect(虫豸),不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。Then the vapor may change into droplets.后缀let默示“小的”,词根drop指“滴,滴状物”。将两个意思连系起来,便可料到出droplet词义“小滴,微滴”。
3.根据复合词的各部分预测词义例如:Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight大概是一个生词,可是申明该词构造后,就能料到出其含义。它是由high(高的,强的)和light(光芒)两部分组成,合在一同便是“以强光照射,使凸起”的意思。Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull(公牛)和fight(打,妥协)连系在一同,指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育活动——斗牛。
综上所述,使用各种已知信息料到、判定词义是一项重要的阅读本领。在理论中,我们可以灵活运用,综合运用下面提到的几种预测本领,拂拭生词的窒碍,顺遂了解文章的思惟内容,提高阅读速度。
关键字:四六级测验本领 四六级高频词 剑侠2年夜津贴 年夜津贴 剑侠年夜津贴
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