听力试题的命题规律息争题本领三
（5）上下义不雅观点的考察
有些题虽然题目年夜概问的是含义之类，但实在考察的是同学们对上下义干系的掌握。如：
①M： Let me see.I've printed my family name，first name，date of
birth and address. Anything else？
W： No，that's all right.We'll fill in the rest of it if you just
sign your name at the bottom.
Q： What has the man been doing？
A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form.
C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information.
上义词为归结综合性词语，下义词所默示的则是详细的东西。本题中可以归结综合男士所做之事的应该是选项B.
② M：What happened to you？ You are so late.
W：The bus I took broke down in front of the hospital and I had
to walk from there.
Q：Why was the woman so late？
A. Something went wrong with the bus.
B. She took somebody to hospital.
C. Something prevented her from catching the bus.
D. She came on foot instead of taking a bus.
Something went wrong是对the bus break down的归结综合性表述。
对话听力中别的考察项目，如因果、前提、否定、比较等可参看四六级测验的《听力分册》。
2.漫笔
该部分共有漫笔三篇，设10个小题，重要考察两方面的内容：
1）对主题的判定
（1）发问的体例
主题题每每以下列体例发问：
What is the main idea/marketing of this passage？
What does the passage mainly discuss？
What can we learn from the passage？
What is the passage mainly about？
（2）选项特点
主题题的四个选项通俗都以短语的体例出现。如：
① A. Two types of only children.
B. Parent's responsibilities.
C. The necessity of family planning.
D. The relationship between parents and children.
② A. Environmental pollution and protection.
B. Taxes and services for the public.
C. Police efforts to protect people.
D. People's attitude toward taxes.
③ A. The difference between classical music and rock music.
B. Why classical music is popular with math students.
C. The effects of music on the results of math tests.
D. How to improve your reasoning activity.
（3）解题本领
关于这类题，同学们在听的时候应分外留意文章的首句和尾句，首句通俗开篇点名主题，而尾句则总结全文，根据这两句举行料到通俗可以确定文章的主题。如下面②题可根据文章末了一段的尾句解答，请看原文：
We use all sort of services without thinking how we get them. But such services cost money. We pay for them through taxes. What would happen if everyone in a city stop paying taxes？ The water supply would stop. The street might not be cleaned. There would be no police force to protect people and property.
The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and proper-
ty. More than three-fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials.
Years ago the government made money from the sale of public lands. But most of the best public lands has now been sold. The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government. There are still some public lands that contain oil， coal， gas， and other natural products. They could be sold， but we want to save them for future years. So we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.从尾句可以看出文章批评辩论的是人们为什么都应该交税以使我们的糊口更加美好。
再如③题，同学们可以经由历程文章的开始几句，找到文章的主题。请看原文：
Do you have a tough math test coming up？ Then listen to some classical piano music just before the test. You might end up with a higher score.Researchers at a university in California conducted an experiment. They asked a group of college students to listen to some piano music by a famous 18th century composer before taking a math test. They were surprised to find that the students' scores jumped 8 to 9 points. The music seems to excite nerve activities in the brain； similar to the activity that occurs when a person is figuring out a math problem. However， the scientists warn that before you get too excited about applying the method to your math test， you should remember that brain exciting effects last only 10 or 15 minutes. Would rock music work as well as the piano music did？ No， the scientists say. In fact， the less complex music might even interfere with the brain's reasoning ability.显然，黑体部分表了然文章的主题，紧接着的尝试为支持细节，用于申明文章的主题。
2）对详细毕竟的判定
（1）发问的体例
对细节的发问每每以wh-question的体例出现，重要针对文章的有关人物、事变、地点、时候、缘故原因、目标、数据等。
如下面两篇漫笔的别的几个题目的选项。
① What's the chief duty of every government？
A. To protect persons and property.
B. To collect taxes.
C. To teach and train citizens.
D. To save natural resources for future use.
② How did the government raise money in the past？
A. By selling services that make life comfortable.
B. By selling land containing oil.
C. By selling public lands.
D. By selling coal and other natural products.
① Why can classical music play a positive role in problem solving？
A. Because it stimulates your nerve activity.
B. Because it keeps you calm.
C. Because it strengthens your memory.
D. Because it improves your problem solving ability.
②What is one of the findings of the research？
A.Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.
B.The effects of music do not last long？
C.The more you listen to music，the higher your test scores will be.
D.Music， whether classical or rock， helps improve your memory.
（2）选项特点
这种细节判定题以识别题居多。有年夜概几个选项在文章中都有所提及，但只需同学们仔谛听，留意分别，就能从原文中找到来由。如下面99年6月的考题，第①题可以在文章找到The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property，这异样也是第二段的主题句，是整段要申明的内容。第②题也能从文章找到Years ago the government made money from the sale of public lands.一句为佐证。
再如99年1月的考题，①②两题也都能从文章中找到信息句，如The music seems to excite nerve activities in the brain.和… you should remember that brain exciting effects last only 10 or 15 minutes.。
从考察的范围来看，漫笔听力中缘故原因的考察最多，其次是对详细所发作的事变的判定，也包括根据毕竟所做的推理判定。如99年6月第二篇漫笔、2000年1月第二篇漫笔满是缘故原因的考察，通俗缘故原因考察题多出现在故事漫笔中，只需同学们可以理清故事的来龙往脉，这种缘故原因题就比较简朴。如：
When I was at school，my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had to give up that idea. I went to university and studied physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research， but my father died at about that time. So I thought I'd better get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm
I expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then， they appointed a new managing director. I didn't get on with him， so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. I would certainly have accepted the job if they had offered it to me， but on my way to the interview I met a friend who was working for a travel agency. He offered me a job in Spain. And I've always liked Spain， so I took it.I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. Then we had a baby and I wasn't earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English lessons at school in the evenings.I liked the English teaching more than working for the travel agency， and then the owner of the school offered me a full-time job as a teacher. So I resigned from the agency. Two years later， the owner of the school wanted to retire， so he asked me to take over as the director. And here I am.14. Why did the man give up studying physics？
15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm？
16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency？
17. Why did the man start to teach English part time？
很显然本漫笔要求同学们了解文中的“我”义务转变的缘故原因。但测验时同学们看不到题目，只能看到选项。在这种情况下，同学们应该做的是：
留意题目的顺序与漫笔所讲故事发作的时候顺序是同等的。
一边听，一边判定选项能否符合毕竟，在漫笔中能否提到。
末了再听题目，这时只是验证一下自己的谜底罢了。
关键字：英语听力解题本领 听力本领 英语听力本领 四级听力本领 英语四级听力本领