全国专业四级英语填空题常考构造
十七、划定例则动词过往分词作定语构造这里的划定例则动词指的是过往式和过往分词一样，招致考生看不出句子构造，好比： program, programmed, programmed因此判定这个词是过往式照旧过往分词就显得比较重要：第一步：从逻辑上判定这个举措是主动照旧主动第二步：如果是主动的话，做谓语背面一定有系动词be
例1：___Wupatki National Monument in Arizona features structures built of red sandstone by ancestors of the Hopi people.(A) That the(B) In the(C) Around the(D) The申明：空格后是构造完整的句子，空格处显然缺定冠词the润色主语，故选D。A中that指导主语从句，使整个句子变成从句而无主句，B、C组成介词短语，使句子缺主语，故拂拭。句子中的built是过往分词。
例2：Antibodies ___by small, round cells called lymphocytes and plasma cells.(A) to be made(B) IT(C) made(D) are made申明：空格前为名词作主语，空格后是介词by指导的举措实施者，called是过往分词作定语，所以句子缺谓语，故选D。A、B、C均为非谓语动词，故拂拭。
例3：Automatons programmed to perform a given task ___the flexibility and adaptability of human beings.(A) without(B) lack(C) minus(D) not having申明：programmed在句中是过往分词作名词后置润色语，空格处缺谓语动词。四个选择谜底中只要（B）是可作谓语的动词，故选（B）。 B， programmed是一个定语，而不是谓语，机器人被体例法式，所以是过往分词，而不是谓语动词
十八、逻辑主语构造在一个完整的句子背面出现现在分词、过往分词、大概介词短语，那么这个句子的主语是背面这三种构造逻辑上的主语。
例1：Having been served lunch, ___. (A) the problem was discussed by the members of the committee (B) the committee members discussed the problem (C) it was discussed by the committee members the problem (D) a discussion of the problem was make by the members of the committee申明：Having been served lunch指被款待了午饭，那么只年夜概是委员会的成员被款待，而不年夜概是题目，所以选择B例2：___was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834.(A) Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch(B) The Dutch settled Brooklyn(C) Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch(D) Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn申明：空格背面是谓语和状语，空格处缺主语。Brooklyn默示人大概Dutch默示中央做主语，可是从as a city可知，主语不是人名，而是地名，由此首先拂拭A。B、C均是句子，不合要求。D符合句法和题意。
例3：At thirteen___at a district school near her home, and when she was fifteen , she saw her first article in print. (A) the first teaching position that Mary Jane Hawes had (B) the teaching position was Mary Jane Hawe''s first (C) when Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position (D) Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position申明：从并列连词and可知，第一个逗号前是一个完整的句子，空格处缺主谓构造，并且主语是一团体名。四个选项中只要D以人名作主语，故选D。
例4： Even at low levels, ___. (A) the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead (B) lead''s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system (C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system (D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system申明：空格前为介词短语状语，空格处缺一个完整的句子。A、B构造上好像完整，但意思不清，D不是完整的句子，故选C。
例5：The chorus plays a large part in any oratorio, linkingABCareas were sung by soloists with segments of choral music.D申明：应该把D中的were往失落
十九、复合宾语构造有些及物动词+宾语后意思表达不完整，需要再加描述词大概名词来弥补申明宾语被叫做不完全及物动词，该描述词大概名词叫做宾语补足语。宾语加补足语叫做复合宾语。当宾语和宾补由主动语态变为主动语态，分别变为主语和主补。 We played soccer. We called him Bob. Bob在这里作宾语补足语 He was called Bob. Bob在这里作主语补足语
下面列出了一些常常要求利用宾补的动词 make, consider, call, elect, appoint,例：We appoint him monitor.We elected him president.
例1：Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting , but the American Kennel Club does not consider them___because they are now primarily kept as pets. (A) where sporting dogs (B) sporting dogs (C) when sporting dogs (D) they are sportingdogs申明：选择B, them是宾语，sporting dogs宾补
二十、It构造
一、夸张句型It is +夸张部分+that +其他部分
这个句型需要留意几点：夸张部分+其他部分是一个完整的句子；夸张部分可以夸张主语、宾语和状语，不能夸张谓语和定语；夸张人利用who大概that,其他的只能用that (即便是时候和地点)，who和that尽对不能省略如果原句是过往时态，夸张句型利用it was.，例如：原句：Ann bought these books last year.夸张宾语：It was these books that Ann bought last year.夸张状语：It was last year that Ann bought these books.二、形式主语 It is +名词/描述词+ to do/that指导的句子 to do/that指导的句子是真正的主语，it是形式主语，这是为了防止虎头蛇尾。
例1：It is the interaction between people , rather thanAB the events that occur in their lives , that areC the main focus of social psychology.D申明：Rather than…是插进语，主句是夸张句型, it is…that,主语是interaction,所以是is
例2： ___an increasing international exchange ofeducational films.(A) It is(B) There is(C) Though there is(D) Although it is申明：缺少主谓，选择B, it用在句子的句首，只年夜概作夸张句型大概形式主语。空格后是一个名词短语，只要B与之组成完整的句子。A语义不完整，C、D则使整个句子成了让步从句而缺主句，故都可拂拭。
二十一、which指导的定语从句构造 which是干系代词，which背面应该加缺主语大概宾语的句子，在这个句子中，which要作身分，作主语大概宾语in which+完整的句子 which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作背面句子的主语名词+of which+谓语动词 of which来润色名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以背面直接跟谓语动词
例1：In blank verse___of ten syllables, five of which are accented. (A) line consists of each (B) consists of each line (C) each line consists (D) it consists of each line申明：空格前后均为介词词组，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处缺主句主谓身分。A双数名词line前没无限制词，并且语义不清，B没有主语，D中it指代不明，所以选C。?five of which are accented默示其中五个要被重读，of which润色five,十其中的五个例2：The spiral threads of spider''s web have a sticky substance on them___insects.(A) traps(B) trap its(C) which traps(D) which it traps申明：空格前为完整的主谓构造，背面是一个名词，A和B显然不能与背面的谓语动词并列，故可以首先拂拭。D中的代词it清楚是多余的，故也不对。C为准确选项，其中干系代词which指代背面的名词短语a sticky substance。网上有粘状的物质来诱捕虫豸。
例3：Traditionally, ethnographers and linguistshave paid little attention to culturalAinterpretations given to silence, or to the types ofBC social contexts in which tends to occur.D申明：D错，in which背面跟完整句子。In which it, it指代silence, or to和第二行的to并列
例4：After the First World War, the author Anais Nin became interested in the art movement known as Surrealism and in psychoanalysis,both ___her novels and short stories. (A) in which the influence(B) of which influenced(C) to have influence(D) its influence in申明：第二个逗号前为构造完整的句子，A中有从句指导词which,却没有谓语动词，组成不了完整的句子。C中末了一个词为名词，无法与背面的名词短语连接，D组成名词短语，不合题意，并且名词influence通俗接介词on,故三个选项都可拂拭。B组成一个非限制性定语从句，故选B。
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