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预测
在关于难文的阅读时，一定要善于在了解已知信息的基础上对随之年夜概出现的信息举行积极预测。预测时，应学会借助主题句、联系干系词语等篇章信息来提高预测的准确性。如，有一篇漫笔以如许一句开头：
Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet…这里根据默示转折的联系干系词Yet，预测到下面年夜概出现的是主题句，又肯定要否定本句中良多人的不雅观点，即snowblindness（雪盲）年夜概由glare from snow以外的别的缘故原因惹起。原文紧接着的是：Yet，dark glasses or not，they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes，and even snowblindness，when exposed to several hours of“snow light”.据此主题，我们可以比较有掌握地预测到下文将着墨于惹起“雪盲”的真正缘故原因，原文如下：The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather，a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing hour after hour，the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs，then is obscured，and the result is total，even though temporary，snowblindness.但预测不一定老是准确，它需要在继承阅读中予以一定、否定或批改。上例中下文的内容与预测邻近，默示了解历程准确。如预测与下文不合等，则年夜概：①对背面内容的了解有偏向；②据以预测的那部辩白话信息年夜概有多种不合了解，因此可据以作出多种不合的预测。
预测有顺向预测和逆向预测两种，下面提到的为顺向预测。所谓逆向预测，实为预测的一种特别形式，使用于已知下文要推知上文的场所。阅读中积极运用顺向和逆向预测，除了下面谈到的能提高对文章的了解深度外，还可匡助我们读懂正本难以读懂的章节。
判定
在阅读中，我们偶尔需要对文章内容的正误作出判定，偶尔需要借助上下文对一般词语的年夜意作出判定，偶尔需要根据联系干系，对上下文举行预测性判定，偶尔需要在综合申明的基础上，经由历程判定得出结论，偶尔还需要对作者语气立场、思惟偏向等等作出判定。判定贯穿于阅读的全历程，也渗入在各种阅读微技能手腕中。例：
（1）判定料到句中omnivorous一词的年夜意
She has a wide interest and is an omnivorous reader.
根据句中她“快乐喜爱广”这一上文和被润色的reader一词，可年夜要判定omnivorous具有“快乐喜爱广、什么书都喜好读”等含义。
（2）根据前文，判定下文
Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. Nevertheless…
A） laziness can actually be helpful
B） laziness is a sign of mental illness
C） laziness is immoral and wasteful
D） you must be careful when you see someone lazy
根据第一分句的语义偏向和Nevertheless一词，我们可得出如许的判定，即下文要谈的内容肯定与之相反，即批评辩论Laziness也有其有利、一定的一面，故A最有年夜概。
（3）判定作者不雅观点
Which of the following statements was written by someone who prefers small cars to large ones？
A） Their excellent gas mileage and even their improved interior design notwithstanding，today's compact cars simply fail to provide the feel a traditional motorist yearns for.
B） They lack some of the size and even the character of the full-sized autos we were accustomed to; but today's compacts more than make up for this with their excellent gas mileage.
本题要求我们对A、B中哪种不雅观点赞同小汽车作出判定。A句中主句对小汽车予以否定，句首对小汽车的一定性陈说又被notwithstanding一词否定。谜底是B，第一分句讲到小汽车的缺陷：缺乏年夜汽车的空间和睦度；第二分句则以为小汽车的紧凑及其精良的低耗油特机能远远补偿上述缺乏，背面以转折连词将作者不雅观点转向第二分句。
回纳
回纳是一种由特别（一般）到通俗的归结综合，从阅读了解角度说，所谓一般即详细细节，所谓通俗即章节段落的年夜意或主题，回纳是由特别细节推向通俗主题的归结综合历程。我们可以
借助词的上下义干系来了解掌握并运用回纳这一体例。
（1）句子的回纳
A） Microwave ovens have eliminated many of the inconveniences previously associated with the preparation of meals.
B） Many foods can go directly from the freezer to the microwave oven without being defrosted.
C） Many microwave ovens can be pre-set to cook food while you are away from the kitchen.
D） The microwave oven has greatly reduced the amount of time it takes to cook a meal.
题中四句话都提到微波炉的利益，其中B、C、D分别从利便、冻结、定时三个不合的方面详细报告微波炉不合于传统炊具的下风，而A则从团体上笼盖了上述三句的内容，故A是对B、C、D的归结综合，上述申明、探求最具归结综合意义之选项的历程即为回纳历程。推而广之，我们可用之于段落和漫笔主题的回纳。
（2）段落年夜意的回纳
Although most universities in the United States are run on a semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring, and summer quarters. The academic year, September to June, is divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in September, January, and March, the summer quarter, June to August is composed of shorter sessions of varying length. Students may take advantage of the opportunity to study year around by enrolling in all four quarters, Most students begin their programs in the fall quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the other quarters.A） Universities in the United StatesB） The Academic YearC） The Quarter SystemD） The Semester System本段由四个句子组成，各句年夜意分别为：1）有些黉舍实施四学期制；2）学年从9月至下年7月，前三个学期各长11周，夏日学期最短；3）门生可于任何学期注册进学；4）但年夜年夜毂下生春季进学。经由历程上述四句年夜意的回纳，可知本段落重要报告美国年夜学的一种学期制，即Quarter System，谜底为C.（3）漫笔主题的回纳①Proponents of father-attended childbirth assert that the father's experience encourages him to develop a closer bond with his child…②As a father of three teenagers from a previous marriage, one man compared his past experience as a new father to being in the delivery room during the birth of his newborn daughter…③ Women report that they are much less anxious and more aware of what is going on when their husbands are with them when they give birth…A） The Father-Daughter RelationshipB） Baby's First View of LifeC） Dad in the Delivery Room文章共三段，分别给出了各段的主题句。第一段谈赞同女子临蓐时丈夫陪在其身边的不雅观点并以为这一经历有利于将来父子干系的生长；第二段从女子的角度谈老婆临蓐时陪在其身边的感触熏染；第三段则从女子本身的角度提光临蓐时有丈夫在身边会感到踏实、放心。经由历程对三段主题句的综合归结综合，全文共同讨论的是：女子临蓐时要不要将来的父亲候在产房，因此谜底为C.推理阅读除了需要了解文章的字面语义外，更需要透过字里行间领悟意在言外及作者的语气、立场，这就要求读者具有一定的推理本领。推理的前提便是阅读到的有关笔墨——年夜概是短语或句子或整个段落乃至整篇漫笔。读者必需由表及里、由此及彼，从字里行间悟出符合作者本意的意在言外。推理的功效应是既来自于字里行间、又高于字里行间；既符合原文理想内涵，又逾越理想内涵；既基于已知毕竟，又不但仅是已知毕竟。
准确的推理要求：
1忠于原文，切忌用自己的不雅观点替代作者原意；
2留意作者遣词造句的特点和偏向，客不雅观料到作者立尝不雅观点和写作意图；
3由统一已知毕竟可推出不止一个准确的结论。
例：Apart from the obvious fact that rioters tend to come from the less well-off section of the community, there is no evidence that economic circumstances have any causal relationship with street violence.
A） There is some evidence for relating economic circumstances to street violence.
B） Not all the people in the community referred to are poor.
C） There is no evidence that economic circumstances result from street viloence.
D） All rioters come from the poorer section of the community.
本例中，只要A可由原文推知，其中Apart from所引述的恰是经济情况与暴力的一种相干性；C否定了这一相干性，故与原文相悖；D与原句中“rioters tend to come from…”的原意不符：“频频”不等于“老是”；B则是原文第一部分的重述，不属推论。
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