英语语法的考察重点一
下面请同学们做《语法分册》第五章 二至四节相干题目。然后比较评析自检。
Test Yourself
刚才我们看了完成时态的考察，现在我们一块来看以下别的时态，请先试做以下各题：
1） Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy， balanced families.
A. are often seeingB. often seeC. will often seeD. have often seen（1995.6）
2） While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news， it is unlikely that television _____ the newsIT completely.
A. replacedB. have replacedC. replaceD. will replace（1995.6）
3） I'm sorry I can't see you immediately； but if you'd like to take a seat， I'll be with you ____.
A. for a momentB. in a momentC. for the momentD. at the moment（1999.1）
4） If she doesn't tell him the truth now， he'll simply keep on asking her until she _____.
A. doesB. has doneC. will doD. would do（1998.6）
Explanation and Expansion
A.参考谜底： 1）C 2） D 3） B 4） A
B.评析
从以上各题可以看到，在解时态考题时应留意一下几点：
①连系描述词选择时态，如2）。从unlikely一词可以看出从句默示的是将来不年夜年夜概发作的事变，天然用通俗将来时。类似的描述词另有possible， probable， impossible等。
②根据时态判定时候状语。如3）。谓语动词为将来时态，申明时候应该是in a moment，默示我一会就往见你。for a moment异样可以与将来时态连用，但默示的是“与某人一块待一小会”，如许就与上文的I can't see you immediately意思上抵触。
③留意句型对时态的要求，如1）。该句型中祈使句默示一种前提，第二个分句中通俗要用will默示在这种前提下年夜概发作的事变。可是，本题中often的利用年夜概会形成一定的利诱。这就要求考生对各种时态的表达体例，以及其感化了解清晰。Will可以默示习尚。
④留意时候、前提和让步状语从句中时态的运用。
通俗在时候、前提和让步状语从句顶用通俗现在时默示通俗将来，用普经由历程往时默示过往将来，用现在完成时默示将来完成，用过往完成时默示过往将来完成。如4）。在如：
He promised to send me an email as soon as he got there.
No one is to leave the room until he has done the task.
但留意特别句型中的时态，如：
hardly/scarcely…when…
no sooner… than…
Hardly had I put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.
No sooner had they got to know the news than they went to the bar to enjoy a drink.
Self-practice
请同学们做《语法分册》第五章 第六节举行自我练习。
Test Yourself
刚才我们一同申明了时态的考察特点和答题时应该留意的事变，现在我们一同来看一下语态的考察。语态的考察通俗都与时态的考察相连系。在解语态题的同时必需思量时态的身分。请同学们先做以下下列各题：
1） The last half of the nineteenth century ____ the steady improvement in the means of travel.（1998.6）
A. has witnessedB. was witnessedC. witnessedD. is witnessed
2） The grey building is where the workers live， and the white one is where the spare parts ____.（19995.1）
A. are producingB. are producedC. producedD. being produced
3） This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.
A. is wornB. wearsC. wearingD. are worn（2000.1）
4） The fifth generation computers， with artificial intelligence， ____ and perfected now.（1996.1）
A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed
5） Sir Denis， who is 78， has made it that much of his collection ____ to the nation.（1996.6）
A. has leftB. is to leaveC. leavesD. is to be left
6） As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said， not what we think ____.（1997.6）
A. ought to be saidB. must sayC. have to be saidD. need to say
7） Once environment damage ____， it takes many years for the system to recover.（1997.6）
A. has doneB. is to doC. doesD. is done
Explanation and Expansion
A.参考谜底：1）C 2） B 3） B 4） C 5） D 6） A 7）D
B.评析
①能否可用主动语态重要看谓语动词与句子主语之间的干系，如果是动宾干系天然用主动语态。
②留意主动语态的各种时态组成，但四级测验中没有正误构造的判定，考生只需要根据上下文判定出该用什么时态即可。
③不及物动词不年夜概有主动语态，但及物动词也未必有主动语态，重如果看句子偏重表达的不雅观点，如3题中wear默示眼镜的特点，不可用主动语态。在如：
This kind of software sells well.
It being too cold， the car wouldn't start.
won't wouldn't默示“拒尽”谓语动词不用主动形式。
④留意含有模样形状动词的主动语态的构造，以及类似的构造，如have to be done， used to be done， be said to be done， be to be done.掌握各种构造默示的意思。然后便是根据详细的上下文选择得当的模样形状动词或时态的题目。
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