大众英语80篇背诵阅读带翻译(十二)
"23 Henry Ford
Although Henry Ford's name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today's standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts. In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts. The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced -- in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, industriousness, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.亨利·福特虽然亨利·福特的名字和年夜临盆的不雅观点相连，但他在劳工保护上获得异样的表彰，因为他早在1913年便实施了用本日的尺度来权衡仍然是先进的尺度。平漫步伐获得改进，日义务时候从那时遍及的 10或 12小时淘汰到 8小时。为了适应更短的日义务时候，整个工场从双班变成了三班。并且，病假和改进了的工伤医疗得以轨制化。福特汽车公司是最早建立技能黉舍来培训专门技工和为移夷易近开设英语黉舍的工场之一。公司乃至为雇佣残疾人和有前科的人而作出了一些勉力。最受遍及称赞的革新是实施五美元一天的最低人为。其目标是招收和留住那些最好的技工并阻碍工会的生长。福特从苦守和利润分享的角度来注释这项新的人为政策。他也提到如许一个毕竟，他的员工可以买他们临盆的汽车--这理想上是为其产物另开发了一个市常为了够资历获得最低人为，员工必需建立一个得体的家庭并显现出精良的团体习尚，包括控制、俭盛勤奋和可靠。固然有人批驳福特过多地干预干涉了员工的私家糊口，但毫无疑问，在移夷易近们被用恶劣的体例剥削的期间，亨利·福特却匡助了良多人在美国扎下根来。

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