GMAT语法测验逻辑类错误“有迹可循”
良多GMAT考生向笔者反应，现在的GMAT语法有日突变难的趋势，尤其是关于同学们闻风丧胆的GMAT语法中的逻辑类考题，巨匠常常很难看出题目当中所蕴涵的逻辑错误，从而招致莫明其妙的失落分。针对这种现象，笔者对此类考题加以申明，希看对巨匠会有所匡助。
实在这种逻辑类考题并不像巨匠所想象的那样毫无规律，只需将积年真题加以总结就可以发明，这些题目照旧可以有迹可循的。从总的方向来看，可以分为以下几个品种：
1．事物的自己不能申明题目，事物的转变方能申明题目
这类考题和GMAT逻辑中的一类考题是极度类似的，仅仅经由历程事物的自己不能申明题目，事物转变的趋势和功效本领申明题目。好比我们看下面两道题目：
1.As the price of gasoline rises, which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive, the prices of bread and livestock feed are sure to increase.
(A) which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive
(B) which makes substituting the distillation of alcohol from cereal grain attractive
(C) which makes distilling alcohol from cereal grain an attractive substitute
(D) IT an attractive substitution of alcohol distilled from cereal grain（E）
(E) IT alcohol distilled from cereal grain an attractive substitute
这道题目中划线部分的which只能用来指价钱格，可是价钱的自己是不能申明用从谷物中蒸馏出来的酒精来做更换品变得更有吸引力的，油价下跌了这件事变方能申明，所以不能利用which，因为which只能指代一个特定的主体，它不能用来指代整个句子。应该用现在分词做陪伴状语来表功效，所以谜底应该选E，利用make n1 n2的句型。
2.Some of the tenth-century stave churches of Norway are still standing, demonstrating that with sound design and maintenance, wooden buildings can last indefinitely.
(A) standing, demonstrating that with sound design and maintenance, wooden buildings can last indefinitely
(B) standing, demonstrating how wooden buildings, when they have sound design and maintenance, can last indefinitely
(C) standing; they demonstrate if a wooden building has sound design and maintenance it can last indefinitely
(D) standing, and they demonstrate wooden buildings can last indefinitely when there is sound design and maintenance（A）
(E) standing, and they demonstrate how a wooden building can last indefinitely when it has sound design and maintenance
这道题目的意思是一些十世纪的教堂在挪威仍然屹立着，展现了有着很好的计划和保养，木质构造可以无量一连下往，所以谜底选A，异样用现在分词做陪伴状语来表功效，而C，D，E的逻辑就错了，它们利用了they，只能指代双数名词教堂，变成教堂自己展现了有着很好的计划和保养，木质构造可以无量一连下往，这个逻辑是不对的，教堂自己如何年夜概展现呢？例如说十世纪有个教堂，到了十一世纪就坍毁了，它所展现的意义不是恰恰和原文相反了吗？所以教堂自己是不能展现的，教堂在挪威仍然立着这件事变方能展现有着很好的计划和保养，木质构造可以无量一连下往。C，D，E的逻辑错误就清楚属于事物的自己不能申明题目，事物的转变方能申明题目。
2．词与词之间的逻辑搭配干系
这种题通俗就属于困难了，它要求巨匠在测验的时侯要时候连结苏醒的脑筋，留意准确的词与词之间的搭配干系。我们异样举几个例子：
3．As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(A) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(B) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind as an adult.
(C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20/500; qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult.
(D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.（D）
(E) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally blind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.
这道题目准确的逻辑表述是当一个婴儿出现于子宫的漆黑当中，婴儿有着最后等的视觉，这个视觉将会被评为20/500，而一个成年人有着如许的目力将会被以为合法的瞎。首先A选项是不对的，它外面有两个代词it，第一个很清楚指代目力，而第二个则是指代婴儿，这就违背了在统一句话中相通的代词应该指代相通事物的准绳，所以A不对。这里?代目力，是目力将会被评为20/500，这没有题目，可是很遗憾这个定语从句背面还指导了legally blind as an adult，它的逻辑主语也是that,如许就变成目力合法的瞎了，这个逻辑便是有题目的，我们只能说人瞎，目力是无法说它瞎的。异样我们只能说人聋，听力是无法说它聋的，因此B选项就属于词与词之间的逻辑搭配干系错误。谜底应该选D选项，后半分句是一个成年人有着如许的目力将会被以为合法的瞎，消弭了逻辑搭配不当和代词指代的错误。
4.The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye.
(A) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye
(B) however, the wavelength of infrared radiation—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye IT it invisible
(C) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long for the eye to register it
(D) however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible（A）
(E) however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus IT it invisible
这道题目与刚才那道题的解题思绪是完全一样的，我们再来了解一下这种题的出题特点。题干说人类眼睛的物理构造使它能感遭到波长0.0005的光，但是射线是看不见的，因为它的波长是0.1，这太长了以致于不可以被眼睛探测到。A选项说波长看不见，这是个准确的逻辑，没有题目，但是B选项说射线的波长太长了以致于波长不能被瞥见，这就不对了。我们可以说射线看得见或是看不见，可是不能说波长看不见，因此B选项也属于词与词之间的逻辑搭配干系错误。
5．Although the term“psychopath” is popularly applied to an especially brutal criminal, in psychology it is someone who is apparently incapable of feeling compassion or the pangs of conscience.
(A) it is someone who is
(B) it is a person
(C) they are people who are
(D) it refers to someone who is（D）
(E) it is in reference to people
题干说虽然术语psychopath指的是一个分外残酷的罪犯，在心理学中它指的是某团体，他对他人没有恻隐心也不会遭到良心的非难。这道题的出题思绪与上两道题略有不合，A，B选项谓语动词用了be动词，变成术语是某团体了，这个逻辑就错误了，术语指的是人而自己不是人，所以逻辑搭配错误，谜底应该选D。
6．Promotions, retirements, deaths, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting will be reported in the July 15 issue of the company IT.
(A) Promotions, retirements, deaths, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting will be reported in the July 15 issue of the company IT.
(B) Promotions, retirements, and other actions which have been approved at the May meeting of the board of directors along with deaths, with be reported in the July 15 issue of the company IT.
(C) To be reported in the July 15 issue of the company IT are the promotions, retirements, deaths, and other actions which were approved at the board of directors’ May meeting.
(D) Meeting in May, the promotions, retirements, and other actions approved by the board of directors, including obituaries, will be reported in the July 15 issue of the company IT.（E）
(E) The July 15 issue of the company IT will report on promotions, retirements, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting; the IT will also include obituaries.
这道题目的难度比较年夜，科场中如果不能连结苏醒的脑筋，很有年夜概会把题目做错。题干的意思是晋升，退休，灭亡，和其他活动在蒲月份的董事集会上被赞同了，这将会在7月15日的公司报章上有所报道。稍加申明我们就会发明题目，晋升和退休可以被赞同，灭亡如何能被赞同呢，这清楚属于词与词之间的逻辑干系搭配错误。谜底应该选E，句子的末了另起了一个分句，这个文章也会包括灭亡陈说，消弭了逻辑错误，并且用了obituaries是death的白话，更符合商业英文的习尚。
3．事物自己不能和它本身举行比较，要把本身拂拭在外
这类考题又是考察了另外一种解题思绪，事物在与其他事物举行比较时一定要把本身拂拭在外，因为本身和本身举行比较是没有任何意义的。通俗情况下这种题目的准确谜底都会加上other这个词。
7．Los Angeles has a higher number of family dwellings per capita than any large city.
(A) a higher number of family dwellings per capita than any large city
(B) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than any other large city
(C) a higher number of family dwellings per capita than does any other large city
(D) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than do other large cities（C）
(E) a high per capita number of family dwellings, more than does any other large city
题干说落杉矶有更高的人均家庭住宅要比任何一个年夜都会，很清楚落杉矶自己也是个年夜都会，它不能和本身举行比较，所以A错，谜底选C，加了other今后就把落杉矶自己拂拭在外了。
8．It is not likely that the competitive imbalance that now exists between Japan with all major industrial nations will be redressed during the foreseeable future.
(A) with all major industrial nations will be redressed during
(B) with all other major industrial nations will be redressed within
(C) with all other major industrial nations will be redressed during
(D) and all major industrial nations will be redressed during（E）
(E) and all other major industrial nations will be redressed within
此题考点与上题完全一样。题目的意思是不年夜概有竞争性的平衡存在于日本和全部的产业国家之间，日本自己也是个产业国家，要把本身拂拭在外，谜底选E，加了other。
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